Conceptualizing Curriculum Transformation

1. The Contributions Approach: Diversity in the curriculum is achieved only through the celebration of heroes and holidays that are not part of "mainstream" curriculum.

2. Additive Approach: Curricular inclusion is achieved by adding concepts, voices, and themes into the existing curriculum structure.

3. Transformation: Basic assumptions and foundations of curriculum is deconstructed. Instead of adding resources, diverse perspectives and voices are infused throughout the curriculum. Inclusion becomes the norm.

4. Social Action: Principles of Transformation are taken a step further, encouraging students to apply critical thinking and action-orientation to social issues. Content and pedagogy empower students to become socially aware and active members of society.

Reference

Banks, J. 1988. Multiethnic education theory and practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.